Resumé's

·David Whittaker, BVM&S DLAS MRCVS ·Bart A Ellenbroek, PhD ·Alma Gower, PhD
·Simon Bate, PhD ·Paul Moser, PhD ·Rob Voskuyl, PhD ·Jo C Neill, PhD
·Pim Drinkenburg, PhD ·Arjan Blokland, PhD ·John Waddington, PhD DSc
·Berend Olivier, PhD ·Frank Sams-Dodd, PhD, DSc ·Sietse F de Boer, PhD
·Martien J H Kas, PhD ·Frauke Ohl, PhD ·Clare Stanford, PhD ·Joop S de Graaf, PhD

David Whittaker, BVM&S DLAS MRCVS
e-mail: whittakd@ukorg.huntingdon.com

David Whittaker gained his degree in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery from the University of Edinburgh in 1977 and the Diploma in Laboratory Animal Science from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in 1985. He has spent almost his entire career in the specialist field of laboratory animal welfare, medicine and science. He has spent time in Contract Research and Pharmaceutical R&D. David joined Hazleton Laboratories Europe Ltd (now Covance) in 1978 as a veterinary clinician and moved to ICI (Zeneca/Astrazeneca) in 1985. He moved to Huntingdon Life Sciences in 1999 as Director of Laboratory Animal Sciences. He holds the position of Certificate Holder under the UK Animals [Scientific Procedures] Act 1986 and is operationally responsibility for all of the animal facilities and compliance under the Act. Throughout his career he has contributed to the development of laboratory animal welfare through national and international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the specialist associations of the veterinary and allied professions. David has been influential in the promotion and development of laboratory animal welfare in Europe. He has held the post of President of the British Laboratory Animals Veterinary Association and was the founding Chairman of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA) Animal Research and Welfare Group. David has been a member of the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industries (ABPI) Animal Welfare Advisory Group since 1986. He was a founding member of the European Society of Laboratory Animal Veterinarians (ESLAV) which was instrumental in establishing the European College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. David has represented the European Pharmaceutical Industry in the Council of Europe and European Union on matters relating to laboratory animal laws and regulations. As a Vice President of the UK Institute of Animal Technology, the major professional organisation responsible for the education and development of animal technicians in Europe, David Whittaker has been influential in the development of the Institute’s profile.
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Bart A Ellenbroek, PhD
Dept. of Neuropharmacology, Evotec AG, Hamburg, Germany email: bart.ellenbroek@evotec.com

Bart Ellenbroek (1958) studied chemistry in Nijmegen where he obtained his MSc in 1982. He was lecturer in Pharmacology in Abha, Saudi Arabia (1982-1983) and visiting scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine in Göttingen (1983-1984). On his return to Nijmegen at the department of Psychoneuropharmacology, he obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1988 (cum laude) with the PhD Thesis "Animal model for schizophrenia and neuroleptic drug action". He stayed on as assistant professor (1988 - 1999) and associate professor (1999 - 2006). Presently, he heads the department of Neuropharmacology of Evotec. Bart's main focus of research is the development of animal models for psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, depression and addiction. Bart was actively involved in the development of knock-out rats and in validating the "home-cage phenotyper": a fully automated system for studying home-cage behaviour in rats. He is (co)-author of over 100 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters and is actively involved in organizing conferences and in several national and international scientific organizations.
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Alma Gower, PhD
Pharmacology Consultant
e-mail: alma@gower6.freeserve.co.uk

Alma Gower currently works as a pre-clinical consultant to the Pharmaceutical and Biotech industry, with an emphasis on in vivo issues and specialising in CNS/behaviour and in Safety Pharmacology. This combines experience gained predominantly within pharmaceutical companies with experience of the contract service industry. After graduating from the University of Bristol with a BSc in Psychology with physiology as the subsidiary subject, Alma launched into a career as a research Psychopharmacologist by joining Glaxo. Whilst working for Glaxo, she obtained her PhD in Psychopharmacology from the University of London. After over a decade, Alma left the comfort of Glaxo and moved out of the UK, to spend the next fourteen years working in mainland Europe, first for Organon in The Netherlands, then for Merrell Dow in France and finally for UCB in Belgium. She therefore now considers herself very much a European. On the basis of the experience gained within the pharmaceutical industry, Alma was then engaged by Pharmaco LSR in the UK, to set up a pharmacology department to compliment their contract Toxicology services. Following the merger of Pharmaco LSR with Huntingdon Research Centre, Alma was retained by HLS by virtue of her CNS expertise and went on to become Head of Pharmacology. In 2001, Alma decided to exploit her wealth of experience of both the Pharmaceutical and the Contract service industry and therefore set up independently as a Pharmacology Consultant, offering advice and assistance to pharmaceutical companies within the UK and throughout Europe. In this, she is responding to a growing demand for consultancy advice. This demand results both from growth in the number of smaller companies lacking in-house in vivo testing facilities as well as decreasing experience of whole animal work within the industry itself. The latter is despite a sustained requirement for animal testing for drug development, including more recently, the need to characterise transgenically modified laboratory animals. During her career, Alma has contributed to about 100 publications, comprising full length research papers, presentation abstracts, contributions to edited scientific books and book reviews.
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Simon Bate, PhD
In-vivo Statistician, GlaxoSmithKline
e-mail: simon.t.bate@gsk.com

Simon Bate is the statistician at GlaxoSmithKline providing support for animal experimentation within the UK and across Europe. Over the last six years he has worked with a wide range of scientific groups including Psychiatry, Neurology, GI, Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Laboratory Animal Support. His role at GSK includes offering advice on the application of complex experimental design routinely used in animal experiments and suitable statistical analysis of experimental data. Simon runs a training course that has been attended by a large proportion of the in-vivo scientists in the above groups. The course attempts to get across an understanding of the statistical ideas without using any unnecessary mathematical jargon. He also sits on 3R’s group and is involved it the internal animal license review process. Outside GSK Simon has links with the British Association of Psychopharmacology, holding stats clinics at the summer meetings, organising the stats module for the pre-clinical certificate and presenting at the BAP Summer School in 2006. He has also provided training courses for several UK universities. Prior to joining GSK, Simon studied at Royal Holloway University of London, completing an undergraduate degree in Mathematics and then a Ph.D on crossover designs theory.
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Paul Moser, PhD
Senior Director, Head of CNS Pharmacology,
Porsolt & Partners Pharmacology
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
e-mail: pmoser@porsolt.com

Paul Moser obtained a BSc in Pharmacology from the University of Bristol in 1978 and, after a few years working on the antidepressant activities of SSRIs at Wyeth Pharmaceuticals in the UK, went back to university to get his PhD studying the circadian variation in 5-HT receptor function in 1986 from Bath University in the UK. Following his PhD, Paul moved to France, working for Merrell Dow in Strasbourg where he was involved in the development of several compounds for the treatment of anxiety, psychosis and memory disorders. In 1995 he moved to Synthélabo in Paris (now, like Merrell-Dow, part of Sanofi-Aventis) working primarily in the areas of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Paul worked closely on several of the compounds now in clinical development at Sanofi-Aventis, in particular SL 65.0155 (a partial 5-HT4 agonist), now in Phase IIb, for which he was the preclinical project coordinator. In 2001 Paul took the plunge into biotech, moving to Genset to help develop and exploit their discoveries in the genetics of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Following the takeover of Genset by Serono in 2002 Paul moved to his current position with Porsolt & Partners, a company carrying out contract research for the biotech and pharmaceutical industry.
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Rob A Voskuyl, PhD
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology
Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug research
e-mail: r.voskuyl@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl

Rob Voskuyl initially studied pharmacy in Leiden, but later switched to chemistry and graduated in 1973. After graduation he was employed by the Epilepsy Centre in Heemstede (present name: Epilepsy Clinics Foundation of the Netherlands) and received his PhD in 1978 at Leiden University (Professor E.L. Noach). This work was carried out at the Department of Physiology in Leiden and concerned the electro-physiological analysis of epileptic phenomena and anti-epileptic drug effects in brain slices in vitro. In 1981 he worked at the department of Histology in Göteborg with Professor H. Hydén and Professor A. Hamberger. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis and anti-epileptic drug action have always been the main topic, but focus gradually shifted from electro-physiology in vitro to the study of development of pharmaco-resistance in vivo. The successful collaboration with the Division of Pharmacology started in 1986, finally culminating in the formal appointment as staff member of the division of Pharmacology in 2000.Rob Voskuyl is a member of the scientific board of the Epilepsy Center in Heemstede, member of the Section for Scientific Research of the Dutch League against Epilepsy and member of the American Epilepsy Society.
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Jo C Neill, PhD
Reader in Psychopharmacology, University of Bradford, UK
e-mail: j.c.neill@bradford.ac.uk

Jo Neill received her academic training at the universities of Bath (Bsc Hons, 1986) and Birmingham (PhD, 1990), worked as a research scientist at the famous Mario Negri Institute in Milan, Italy and at the University of Leeds, before she joined the University of Bradford in 1991, where she is now a Reader in Psychopharmacology at the School of Pharmacy. Dr Neill's current interests include the neurobiology of ingestive behaviour, influence of environmental and developmental factors in predisposition to psychiatric disease states and establishment of novel preclinical models of affective disorder en behavioural and neuropatholigical mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction and negative symptomatology associated with schizophrenia. This work is carried out partly in collaboration with colleagues within the School of Pharmacy and most recently with collaborators at Queen's University Belfast, Sheffield and Leeds Universities and at GSK taking a multidisciplinary approach to establish a developmental model of schizophrenia; models of cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia in rodents and a potential model of affective disorder in the marmoset monkey. A very recent research project is an investigation into the mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction associated with antipsychotic medication. Another very recent project is investigation into the mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first episode schizophrenic patients.
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W (Pim) Drinkenburg, PhD
Head, Biomonitoring Research, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
e-mail: wdrinken@prdbe.jnj.com

Pim Drinkenburg obtained his Ph.D. degree (magna cum laude) in Comparative and Physiological Psychology on "Information processing in an Animal Model for Absence Epilepsy" at the NICI, Radboud University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, where he initially took up a position as a lecturer. After visiting professorships at the Eötvös Loránd University and the National Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry, in Budapest, Hungary, he worked at the Medical Research Council (MRC), Neurochemical Pathology Unit in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, on novel behavioural characterisations of antipsychotics and in addition held an honorary lectureship at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Next, he accepted a position at Organon Laboratories Ltd., Newhouse, UK, to head the Behavioural Pharmacology and EEG Group. Presently, as a Research Fellow, he is head of Biomonitoring Research at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Europe, Beerse, Belgium and is responsible for CNS drug discovery and early development projects in Psychiatry. He has published over 40 papers in international journals, holds diverse patents, and is a member of the executive board of the International Pharmaco-Electroencephalography Association. He was recently recognized by the prestigious J&J Philip B. Hofmann Award for outstanding scientific contributions to drug discovery and development.
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Arjan Blokland, PhD
Assistant Professor, Dept. Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology,
Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
e-mail: a.blokland@psychology.unimaas.nl

Arjan Blokland (1962) studied Psychology at the Katholic University of Nijmegen (now: Radboud University). He obtained his MSc in1987 and shortly thereafter began to work at the Rijksuniversiteit Limburg (now: Maastricht University) on different projects assessing the memory performance of old rats in different test models. He obtained his PhD degree in 1992 with a thesis entitled 'Animal models of cognitive aging and dementia: problems and perspectives'. With the help of an NWO travel grant he worked at the lab of Dr. Steve Dunnett (Cambridge, UK) for six months. In 1993, he took a position as laboratory head at Tropon (Cologne, G), the CNS division of Bayer AG. He worked on different drug targets for cognition and depression using various in vivo models. After three very exciting and interesting years of drug development he was awarded a prestigious KNAW grant and returned to Maastricht to start his own research at the newly founded Faculty of Psychology. This project was aimed to study risk factors of cognitive aging, but also involved cognitive psychopharmacology. He also tried to build bridges between human and animal research by using similar tools (eg. reaction time task, acute tryptophan depletion, EEG). In 2001 he was appointed assistant professor at the Faculty of Psychology. In 2001 he did a sabbatical in Sydney (Prof. Bob Boakes, University of Sydney), and in 2004 he visited Roche CNS research (Dr. Rudy Schreiber) for a period of two months.
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John Waddington PhD Dsc
Department of Clinical Pharmacology,
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
e-mail: jwadding@rcsi.ie

John Waddington studied natural sciences at the University of Cambridge (BA 1974; MA 1978) and experimental pharmacology at the University of Bradford (MSc 1976) before undertaking a PhD (1981) in psychopharmacology with the Medical Research Council/University of London. He then joined the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland where he is currently Professor of Neuroscience. In 1991 he was awarded a DSc in neuroscience from the University of London. He has a long-standing interest in the psychopharmacology of dopamine receptor subtypes, mechanisms of antipsychotic activity and the pathobiology of schizophrenia. Over the past 10 years his work has focussed on the use of 'knockouts' and transgenics to explore the behavioural role of dopamine receptor subtypes and associated transduction mechanisms, together with other neuronal entities. This has involved the application of ethologically based as well as conventional behavioural techniques.
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Berend Olivier, PhD
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Utrecht
Utrecht, the Netherlands
e-mail: b.olivier@pharm.uu.nl

Berend Olivier (1949) studied (MSc-biology 1973, PhD 1977) at Groningen University. Ensuing he was Behavioural pharmacologist (1977-1985), Head CNS-pharmacology dept. (1985-1992) and Senior Principal Scientist (1992-1999) at Solvay Pharmaceuticals in Weesp. From 1992-2001 he was part-time professor, and from 2001 till now fulltime professor and chair of the dept. of Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University. Presently he is also director of PsychoGenics Nederland BV and member of the Scientific Advisory Board of PsychoGenics Inc, New York. In 1999 and 2000 he worked as Vice President Research of a start-up biotech company, PsychoGenics Inc., New York and since June 1999 he is Adjunct Professor at Yale University School of Medicine in the department of Psychiatry. He is (co) author of more than 350 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, editor of several books and on the editorial board of a number of learned journals. His work has focused on development of new drugs for anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, aggression and sexual disturbances and he is co-discoverer of the antidepressant fluvoxamine (fevarin, luvox). He leads an active research programme in Utrecht studying animal (genetic) models of anxiety, depression, impulsivity and sexual behaviour and the mechanism of action of psychoactive drugs using behavioural, pharmacological, genomic, and proteomic technology. At PsychoGenics Inc. and Yale University his research was/is oriented towards developing animal models of human psychiatric and neurological diseases, mainly focussing on mutant mice. He is also actively involved in the development of Smartcube(r), a fully automated observation system for mouse behaviour. Collaborations with Nestler (Dallas, USA; depression), Paylor (Houston, USA; anxiety), Geyer (San Diego, USA; anxiety), Hen (New York, USA; anxiety, depression), Toth (New York, USA; anxiety), Waldinger (The Hague; sexual disturbances), Kas (UMCU; behavioural genomics), Westenberg (UMCU; depression), Cools (KUN: sexual disturbances), Veening (KUN; anxiety, depression, sexual disturbances), Roubos (KUN; depression, psychosis), Barrett (Princeton; depression), Van der Graaff (Sandwich, UK; sexual disturbances), Miczek (Boston: aggression, impulsivity).
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Frank Sams-Dodd, PhD, DSc
CNS Research, Neurofit, Illkirch, France
e-mail: Sams-Dodd@neurofit.com

Frank Sams-Dodd is Vice-President, Pre-Clinical Research, Bionomics Ltd. He has an M.Sc. degree in ethology from Copenhagen University, a Ph.D. degree from Cornell University in integrative neurobiology and in 2001 he received an honorary doctoral degree (Dr.med. / D.Sc.) in medicine from Copenhagen University. Previous positions include Research Fellow at H. Lundbeck A/S, Denmark; founder and owner of Sams-Dodd, S.L. a Contract Research Organisation ("CRO") with focus on pre-clinical CNS Research; Director of Physiology at Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego; and Head of Psychopharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Germany. He is currently Vice President Pre-Clinical Research at Bionomics Limited, an Australian biotech company with responsibility for their European site, and CEO of Neurofit SAS, a pre-clinical CRO fully owned by Bionomics.
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Sietse F de Boer, PhD
Department of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen,
Haren, the Netherlands.
e-mail: s.f.de.boer@biol.rug.nl

Sietse F. de Boer (1959) studied Biology at the University of Groningen (MSc in 1984) and obtained his Ph.D. degree (1990) at the University of Utrecht. The research of his Ph.D.-thesis revolved around the dynamics of stresshormones (plasma catecholamines and corticosteroids) in the rat and its modification by psychological factors (controllability and predictability) and anxiolytic drugs (benzodiazepines and buspirone). During 1990-1992 he was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, Hahneman University, Philadelphia, USA, investigating the interactions between brain benzodiazepine and CRH systems at the neurophysiological level (locus Coeruleus single-unit activity) and at the level of behaviour (Geller-Seifter conflict paradigm). Starting 1992, he is assistant/associate professor at the Department of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen, working mainly on the behavioral physiology, pharmacology and neurobiology of aggression and coping with social stress in rats and mice.
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Martien J H Kas, PhD
Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience
University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
email: m.j.h.kas@med.uu.nl

From 1995-1999, Martien Kas performed his Ph.D. research at Stanford University (California, USA) where he investigated the neurobiology of sleep-wake regulation in mammalian rodent species by using automated behavioural methods. In addition, he studied the neurophysiology of photic and behavioral control of circadian timekeeping in these species. As a post-doc at the Rudolf Magnus Insitute of Neuroscience (Utrecht; 1999-2002), he investigated the biological substrate of food intake and energy expenditure. By using molecular genetic tools, the gene functions in energy metabolism were studied and an animal model for anorexia nervosa was developed. By extension from rats to mice, genetically modified mice are tested to unravel the function of genes in semi-starvation-induced hyperactivity. Furthermore, vector-directed local gene expression was employed to study sites of action of neuropeptide systems in specific brain regions. In 2002, Martien was appointed as an assistant professor and as one of the coordinators of the Behavioural Genomics Section at the Rudolf Magnus Institute. Here, he established a new research-line on the identification of novel genes and gene functions in mice for behavioural traits within complex behaviours relevant to neuro-psychiatric disorders. Conventional behavioural laboratory and newly developed and automated behavioural tests are used to dissect complex behaviours into behavioural phenotypes, such as approach and avoidance behaviour. Forward genetic (from phenotype to genotype) and reverse genetic (from genotype to phenotype) strategies are applied to refined behavioural phenotypes.
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Frauke Ohl, PhD
Department Animals, Science and Society, Veterinary Faculty, University of Utrecht
e-mail: f.ohl@uu.nl

Frauke Ohl (1966) studied Zoology at Bielefeld and Kiel University, Germany (graduation 1993). She did her PhD research at the German Primate Centre at Goettingen, Germany and obtained her doctorate from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany (1999). The topic of her thesis was ‘Stress induced changes on cognitive processes in Tree Shrews’, an animal model for human depression. In 1998 she received the Young Investigator Award by the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology. She joined the Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry at Munich, Germany, as a researcher and in 2001 became group-leader for Behavioural Phenotyping and head of the animal facilities of the same institute.
The focus of her research at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry was the identification and behavioural characterization of novel animal models for affective disorders. Frauke engaged in evaluating neurobiological mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression. Since 2004 she is appointed at the Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University as full professor on Laboratory Animal Science and, since 2006 she is head of the department Animals, Science and Society. Her research in Utrecht is focused on the investigation of normal and pathological anxiety in animals as well as in refining behavioural testing in laboratory animals. Next to scientific publications she also engages in translating scientific knowledge to the scientific community (Körpersprache des Hundes. 2006; Hunde wirklich verstehen, 2006; Hund und Kind 2007, all Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart).
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Clare Stanford, PhD
Reader in Experimental Psychopharmacology
University College London
e-mail: c.stanford@ucl.ac.uk

Clare Stanford graduated in Physiology from University College London in 1972. She moved to the University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford, to carry out postgraduate research on the regulation of central and peripheral noradrenergic transmission. She continued her research in that Department, first as a Postdoc and then Departmental Demonstrator, but also spent some time in the Department of Anatomy at UCL (with Geoff Burnstock) and the Department of Physiology, University of Bergen (with Karen Heller). She was made Medical Tutor and (the first woman) Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, in 1982 but eventually returned to London to take up a Lectureship  in  the Department of Pharmacology at UCL where she is currently Reader in Experimental Psychopharmacology. Her research still concentrates on the role of monoamines (particularly noradrenaline) in the response to stress and in the regulation of mood and behaviour.  She has a particular interest in the use of in vivo microdialysis in studies of the neurochemical coding of behaviour and the effects of psychotropic drugs. She is on the Editorial Advisory Board of the British Journal of Pharmacology, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior and the Journal of Psychopharmacology and is also a member Council of the British Association for Psychopharmacology and Laboratory Animal Science Association. 
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Joop S de Graaf, PhD
ESSWAP Foundation, Arnhem, the Netherlands
e-mail: director@esswap.org

Joop de Graaf (1942) studied Biochemistry and Synthetic Organic Chemistry at Leiden University. Testing the peptides he had helped synthetize, he got hooked on Animal Pharmacology. As the discipline of Medicinal Chemistry did not yet exist in the Netherlands, his Ph.D. thesis on the molecular aspects of the interaction between Angiotensin and its receptor (1970) was defended in two faculties, those of Medicine and of Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics. In the course of his Ph.D. work, he developed an automated in-vitro test system. His post-doctoral fellowship at the Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel, acquainted him with the art of model building, at the time a life-long effort using space-filling atomic unit models. In 1972, he joined the department of Blood Coagulation Biochemistry at Leiden University Hospital and helped in the early attempts to elucidate the role of protein lipid complexes in the coagulation cascade. After his move to Organon in 1974, he headed the drug screening group. At the time, drug screening was predominantly done in vivo, as in-vitro pharmacology, mostly with isolated organs, was even more time-consuming. His experience with automation of in-vitro experiments was instrumental in the development of a computer controlled robot system, a novelty in those days. Experimental data were directly fed into a data base and used for calculating quantitative biological properties with a much higher precision than before.
In the early 1980-ies, Joop joined the Neuropharmacology Department at Organon as a coordinator of drug testing and became involved in animal behaviour and behavioural pharmacology as well as in binding studies and in-vitro testing in general. He contributed to the discovery and development of Mirtazapine, a block-buster antidepressant, and the antipsychotic Asenapine, now in registration phase.
From 1990 on, he was a research monitor for the Pharma Group of Akzo Nobel, the parent company of Organon, with a special assignment to the R&D groups of Organon, including the production of bulk pharmaceuticals.
Joop retired from Akzo Nobel in 2003 and spent a few more years to investigate the environmental fate of drugs, in particular hormonal steroids. Presently, he is the director of the European Summer School for Whole Animal Pharmacology (ESSWAP) which he founded in close collaboration with Alma Gower, Bart Ellenbroek en Berend Olivier.
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